Evaluation of Bone Marrow for Hematological Anomalies in Indian Pediatric and Adult Patients: a Single Tertiary Care Center Study

Bone marrow aspiration can determine the metastatic deposits, degree of cellularity and fibrosis readily. A retrospective analysis of bone marrow aspiration and biopsy, in children and adult patients with hematological anomalies, were performed in 674 cases for different indication of hematological abnormalities from January 2013 to March 2014. Cases were analyzed in detail regarding clinical, hematological examination and family history. The mean age of the patients was 38.03 years ranging from 2 years to 78 years. Among 674 cases, 58.16 percent cases were male and 41.84 percent were female with sex ratio of 1.4:1. The commonest clinical & physical symptoms were pallor (87.5%), followed by weakness & headache (47.9%) and fever (37.9%). The most frequent malignant hematological anomalies in children (99.9%) and adults (50.49%) were acute leukemia, followed by multiple myeloma (17.82%) in adults only. Normoblastic marrow represented highest number of cases both in children (21.43%) and in adults (20.86%) as non-malignant hematological disorder. Bone marrow examination helps to assess the spectrum of hematological disorder in both children & adults within a short span of time. In the present study, males were more affected from hematological disorders than females whereas acute leukemia had the highest occurrence among the malignant hematological disorders in both pediatric and adult patients. INTRODUCTION: World health organization associated health group reported in 2013, the concentrations of mean hemoglobin were lowest and anemia prevalence was highest in south Asia and central and west Africa. In India, the prevalence of anemia was severe (>35 %) in preschool-age children and pregnant women. 1 QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(4).1584-89 Article can be accessed online on: www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(4).1585-89 Ministry of Health & Family welfare, India reported in 2011 that over 40% of children and 36% of adults and women are undernourished, with the persistent level of malnutrition, which is of great concern. 2 Bone marrow examination (BME) helps to assess the spectrum of hematological disorders in both children & adults within a short span of time. Bone marrow was first obtained from living patients for diagnostic purposes during the first decade of the 20 th century but it was not until the introduction of sternal aspiration in the late 1920s which became an important diagnostic procedure. 3 Bone marrow aspiration can determine the